描述
<div class="document">
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">注:* 为必填项</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在报名阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 1、项目功能介绍</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">为了更安全,更高驾驶<span style="font-family: 宋体;">质量的需求,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车控制器由两部分组成,软件控制部分采用自研的</span>8位控制器<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">基于</span>STM8S105K4单片机开发的整车控制器,可利用全车各传感器,实时向车手反馈车辆行驶状态,并实现了包括电子差速、滑移率控制等先进控制策略。提高了电机驱动效率和整车稳定性。</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">包括油门信号保护电路、制动信号保护电路、电流传感器信号保护电路等各冗余信号保护电路,及待驶鸣笛电路、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">IMD/BMS故障锁存电路、制动系统可靠性检测电路等功能电路均采用集成化设计,增强了设备的可靠性,减少并规范了主控盒内部的线束,增加了空间利用率,一定程度上减少了整车质量。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">硬件控制部分</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:主题不限,可以是解决生活/工作中的某个问题、为某个人群/场景设计的方案、毕业设计/课程设计/DIY项目/纯属炫酷项目等。主要讲一下自己通过什么手段解决了什么问题。</span></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*2、项目属性</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">本项目为首次公开,内容完全由本团队原创,本设计在中国大学生方程式大赛中获得实践,并获全国三等奖,在比赛过程中,本设计参与了设计答辩。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:请说明项目是否首次公开;项目是否为原创;项目是否曾经在其他比赛中获奖,若有获奖则叙述获奖详情;项目是否在学校参加过答辩。</span></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 3、开源协议</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">k开源协议遵从GPL3.0协议</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:利他即利己,请认真阅读下述内容。</span></p>
<ol style="line-height: 1.8;">
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">拥抱开源,赋予项目无限价值。建议项目核心功能开源80%以上;</span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">若某一部分功能不可替代且删掉之后项目无法解决对应的问题,则这一部分实现的功能就是项目的核心功能;比如设计了一台电子负载且设计了一款上位机软件监控功率变化,则电子负载为核心功能,上位机软件为辅助功能;比如电子负载中使用了一款隔离485模块与上位机通信,则此485模块实现的通讯功能为辅助功能;</span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">项目应选择适合自己的<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/posts/98fdb2accd754af7b51990790db3b47a" target="_blank">开源协议</a></span>,若项目引用其他开源项目,应注明来源并遵循原作者的开源协议规定;原创项目推荐使用GPL3.0开源协议;</span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">直接引用开源项目的原电路或原代码实现的功能不可作为自己项目的核心功能、使用市场上通用模块直接实现的功能不可作为自己项目的核心功能。</span></li>
</ol>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在竞赛阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*4、硬件部分</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="color: #95a5a6;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">整车控制器由硬件控制部分和软件控制部分组成,下面对这两部分的硬件进行介绍:</span></span></span></p>
<p>1. <span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车各子系统集成化设计;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车各电路包括油门信号保护电路、制动信号保护电路、电流传感器信号保护电路等各冗余信号保护电路,及待驶鸣笛电路、</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">IMD/BMS故障锁存电路、制动系统可靠性检测电路等功能电路均采用集成化设计,增强了设备的可靠性,减少并规范了主控盒内部的线束,增加了空间利用率,一定程度上减少了整车质量。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/1wPCxwVeVvjLmb1TFdsPq0cxnIrRXYrNTvKNASd5.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/7dZFl0inObCy9GkBZWtFl3uLApZfmOECQnbdPqHW.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.1 IMD</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">故障所存</span></p>
<p><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/R66hG7pYOPhfs6thw0bKvK4IEgN0BVJ1CF6wH3ne.png"></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">故障锁存电路</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">说明:由于科列</span> BMS <span style="font-family: 宋体;">中的绝缘检测装置正常情况下输出高电平,在检测到绝缘故障时,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">输出低电平,所以我们在电路中使用一个</span> PNP <span style="font-family: 宋体;">型三极管,在绝缘检测装置输出低电平时,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">三极管正向导通,从而给继电器供电,第一个继电器用来形成电源自锁用来锁存故障信号</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和给第二给继电器供电的功能,第二个继电器常闭端口控制一个敞开继电器控制安全电路,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">常开端口控制</span> LED<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。当故障发生时,第一个继锁存故障信号并给第二个继电器供电,第二个继电器点亮</span> IMD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">故障并且断开安全电路。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">1.2 BSPD</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">说明:以上原理图包含</span> BSPD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电路,对</span> BSPD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电流传感器以及制动压力传感器的短路保护电</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">路,其功能在于对</span> BSPD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电流传感器以及制动压力传感器的短路保护,以及当</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">紧急制动发生时,输出到电机的功率</span>>5KW<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,安全电路必须保持断开状态,直到对低压系统主开关重新上电。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/K2AMlWmnlVVp3wIQTyBAJIHLJJ8YfIkJ1Rt7r78E.png"></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="font-family: Calibri;">BSPD</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">功能展示</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1. </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电池直流母线穿过霍尔电流传感器检测母线电流,并根据电流大小产生</span> 0.5-3.6V <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">压作为</span> BSPD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">一个输入信号,油压传感器检测制动是否发生,同样输出值为</span> 0.5-4.5V<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,产</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">生刹车信号。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">通过计算得模拟</span> 5KW <span style="font-family: 宋体;">功率信号时,霍尔电流传感器检测到的电流是</span>35.46A<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,换算得</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">输出电压为</span> 0.89V <span style="font-family: 宋体;">连接到</span> BSPD <span style="font-family: 宋体;">上,用力压制动踏板超过</span>0.5s<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,检测安全回路两端,安全</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">回</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">路断开。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">断开电流传感器信号线,安全回路断开,驱动系统关闭。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">故障移除,等待安全员重新上电,看安全回路是否导通。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.3 </span>TSAL <span style="font-family: 宋体;">原理图</span> <span style="font-family: Calibri Light;">– </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电压测量</span></p>
<p>TSAL <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电压测量电路分为高压、低压两个系统,当驱动电压达到或超过</span> 60V DC <span style="font-family: 宋体;">时,比较器输出低电平,回路导通。高压回路导通后通过光耦导通两个高压检测开关以及</span> TS OFF <span style="font-family: 宋体;">指示灯回路。低压系统导通后,指示灯被激活。两个系统通过光耦来实现高低压的光电隔离。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">说明:驱动系统电压检测板输入、输出端口隔离,</span>PCB <span style="font-family: 宋体;">板上元件由驱动系统电压降压、稳</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">压后供电,</span>PCB <span style="font-family: 宋体;">板上高压与低压元器件之间间隔至少为</span> 4mm,<span style="font-family: 宋体;">而驱动系统最高电</span> 141V<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">满足高低压隔离要求。该高压检测电路将高压线性降压为</span> 1-5V <span style="font-family: 宋体;">电压,信号输入到</span> LM393 <span style="font-family: 宋体;">比较器的输入端,可以判断电池箱内与电池箱外电压与</span> 60VDC <span style="font-family: 宋体;">的大小关系。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/4n0CI8ypEI8Fu1fBskwWPfSSmqA1G8U8Sfq3N3Ii.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1.4 </span>TSAL <span style="font-family: 宋体;">原理</span> <span style="font-family: Calibri Light;">– </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整体逻辑以及其他</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">说明:首先将电池箱绝缘继电器、电池箱预充继电器公共端负端作为高压信号输入,从下一个用电器的负极接出。接入的高压信号经过</span> PCB <span style="font-family: 宋体;">板降压稳压为</span> 12V <span style="font-family: 宋体;">后输入</span> TSAL <span style="font-family: 宋体;">总板。驱动系统电压测量电路在采集高压信号,经过降压、稳压处理后,进行高低压状态判断,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">后通过继电器控制</span> TSAL <span style="font-family: 宋体;">总板上电路通断。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">当车辆正常启动时,驱动系统电压大于</span> 60V DC<span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">预充继电器闭合或任意电池箱绝缘继电</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">器闭合,使得</span> S8050 NPN <span style="font-family: 宋体;">型三极管基极为高电平,三极管正向导通,从而给继电器供电,</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">继电器使得常开口控制得驱动系统激活指示灯的状态为高压红灯闪烁状态。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">当电池箱壳体外部的电压不超过</span> 60 V DC <span style="font-family: 宋体;">,全部的电池箱绝缘继电器(</span>AIR<span style="font-family: 宋体;">)断开或预</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">充继电器断开时,使得</span> S8050 NPN <span style="font-family: 宋体;">型三极管基极输出低电平,三级管正向截止,继电器</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">无法得到供电,使得其常开口控制的驱动系统激活指示灯的状态为安全状态。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">2.由于更高驾驶质量的需求,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车控制器采用自研的</span>8位控制器<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">基于</span>STM8S105K4单片机开发的整车控制器,可利用全车各传感器,实时向车手反馈车辆行驶状态,并实现了包括电子差速、滑移率控制等先进控制策略。提高了电机驱动效率和整车稳定性。<img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/EF9Axg9tukGGOCnuUMpwHsmfrGOzZ6TTPZGOAGX6.png"></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车控制器(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">ECU)电路设计</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/vcaSuzArevxwrOm3wjlrQ5MCeKSvofc05ipcWmer.png"></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车控制器(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">ECU)PCB设计</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:推荐使用<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://lceda.cn/editor" target="_blank">嘉立创EDA</a></span>。若选择其他EDA工具,请在附件上传PDF格式的原理图,PDF格式的PCB图纸,Gerber格式的PCB文件。这里可以详细说明您的项目实现原理和机制、注意事项、调试方法、测试方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*5、软件部分</h3>
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<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由于更高驾驶质量的需求,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">整车控制器采用自研的</span>8位控制器<span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">基于</span>STM8S105K4单片机开发的整车控制器,可利用全车各传感器,实时向车手反馈车辆行驶状态,并实现了包括电子差速、滑移率控制等先进控制策略。提高了电机驱动效率和整车稳定性。</p>
<p><span style="font-family: 华文中宋;">1. 理论计算</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据阿克曼转向模型及瞬心定理来建立数学模型。设计原型为后驱双轮毂电机赛车,转向时只有前轮转向,后轮不发生转向。下图为赛车左转模型。</span></p>
<p> <img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/e8U2R1sJ6dl4usAB89p7839GFYalGRrm97izmeas.png"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">上图中</span>O<span style="font-family: 宋体;">点为四个车轮的旋转中心的交点</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span>C<span style="font-family: 宋体;">为左右车轮轮距,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">L</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为前后轴距,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">A</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">B</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">分别为前轴和后轴到质心的距离,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ’</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为方向盘转角</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">β </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为车辆纵向行驶 速度与车辆行驶速度的夹角,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ</span>1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为转向车轮的转向角度; </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为车辆实际速度,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vx</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为车辆前进速度,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vy</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为车辆侧向速度, </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V1—V4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为各个车轮纵向平移速度,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R1—R4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为对应的转动半径,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为质心运动的半径,</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R0</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">为车辆前轴转动半</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">由于车辆在转弯的时候,其四个车轮都在做圆周运动,其轨迹形成四个同心圆转向轮即前轮的运动方向为该圆切线方向,即:</span></p>
<p align="justify">V1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">⊥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">⊥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R2,</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">⊥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R3,</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">⊥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R4,</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">⊥</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">R,</span></p>
<p align="justify"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">所以根据瞬心定理:<img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/KqioTGL4mOyf6cQAPXxfMMtPN4yXzPbseLfxBioF.png"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">可得:</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/Aug4f2yatpvtC2BoeUdGXNrqrwMtCvT1YX13uhan.png"> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据图中的几何</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">(</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">车辆左转模型</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">关系可得:</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/ygOvqdRFPfGj9jKq0uKlG0Oja6snhxDAf82TiCXt.png"> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/VUiSuMF5lsh1VmfKj7y2bwWUG7Fqo4Vt6lrlXhP9.png"> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="center"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">由<img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/tekwbqRrKUiLYUNCbPZ2Bq6Q891bhgh0tixKABhO.png"></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">可得:</span></p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/zWQDcVQyT76FOTtPpQPVtIsdHOEVT2aHJggcXc0p.png"> <span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">代入(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)式得:<img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/Ckamnz0YDnFR3sdbVChyYEMQx4o8SpqmgBzlLaab.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/nxG168ZLbm9rMB1oHblYFMXrIIcD4YAR8G3pFJMl.png"></span></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">同理可得,当车辆右转时可得:</span></p>
<p align="justify"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/AP7TboQNJ7dqRVPkfMNJoJPCPgYCnCe7ILff6qAn.png"></p>
<p align="justify"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/tbUPfh1YKvZFq2ztLX0gDgtMQrHv5yHGTU1PTl4E.png"></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据转向模型及算法可知,算法中自变量为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,而</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">可以使用车轮的转速传感器来取得</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,则</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V=</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">(</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">V1+V2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">)</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">/2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,而</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">δ</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">可由方向盘转向传动杆对两个车轮转向时的传动比计算得知,由于本文的设计原型为盐城工学院电动方程式野马</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">E45</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">赛车,其对转向时内侧车轮的传动比为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.436</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,对外侧车轮传动比为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.979</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">2. 基于MATLAB/simulink电子差速仿真设计及实现</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">2.1<span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿真建模</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/jeaxQurZlLpkLymdALGT6Fc14FxCEO7jThZtija3.png"></span></p>
<p align="center"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">电子差速模型</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">根据上文设计的算法,在</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">MATLAB2020</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">版本中建立</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">simulink</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">模型,其相关参数全部参照本文的设计原型——盐城工学院野马电动方程式</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">E45</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">赛车。</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">L=1.550,C=1.220,A=0.884,B=0.667,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">方向盘左右最大转角为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">122</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">°,转向时内侧车轮的传动比为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.436</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,对外侧车轮传动比为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4.979</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">2.2</span><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿真结果</span></strong></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">在输入方向盘转角时,本文以斜坡函数传出的信号来模拟方向盘朝一个方向打死的情况,预设定的转弯速度为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">60Km/h</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">。此处斜坡函数斜率为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0.3</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,初始值为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,即向左打死</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/YpR5DICgV3exs1pZdH5IoEVNgj9eSA629JObgawL.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿真时间设置为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10s</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,左右轮速仿真结果为:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/00jXHZ8364oVVh9T4EFJw9N8l07KgnIVGQ0feW0m.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设定斜坡函数斜率为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">-0.5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,初始值为零,即向右打死</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/dnKadigwktyDgWkwlpN9UkJwlScu2fBnOyE5LdiC.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设置仿真时间为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10s,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">左右轮速仿真结果为:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/6emMFy6AStcjCSL1Xqg6MTBPZFIvibRJM3jf062l.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.2 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">使用一个</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">sin</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">函数信号来模拟高速避障等动态赛连续多弯道差速情况。设置的</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">sin</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">函数</span>Amplitude<span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2.5</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span>Bias<span style="font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span>Frequency (rad/sec):<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,</span>Phase (rad):<span style="font-family: Calibri;">0</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/8KWzdwL4Z2pOtXpehVDQDEJhjUGFa9vLn7V9BScR.png"></span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;">仿真时间为</span><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10s</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">,左右两轮轮速仿真结果为:</span></p>
<p><span style="font-family: 宋体;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/eMWpah2uG7UzKzQ1ShkzZUICR4Y2f9w9pt1j8MGw.png"></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:若您的项目涉及软件开发,请在附件上传对应的工程源码。这里可以详细说明您的软件流程图、功能模块框图、相关算法的解释或科普、源码结构、编译环境的搭建和配置、源码编译方法、程序烧录方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*6、BOM清单</h3>
<hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2">
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/ZhjDNoMLgUEDKUidcq74eRMJxTMX7mwqKWVuqaXJ.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:项目涉及的BOM清单。这个位置请上传BOM的截图。清单详情请以PDF的格式上传到附件中。建议包括型号、品牌、名称、封装、采购渠道、用途等内容。具体内容和形式应以表达清楚项目构成为准。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*7、大赛LOGO验证</h3>
<hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2">
<p style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/QxvrrukH9jRId6H0K7BXV9F9N16F3yttyZvH7uUv.png" width="367" height="517"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">请上传包含大赛logo的项目图片,logo以丝印形式印刷在PCB上面。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">点击zip下载大赛logo标识! <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://image.lceda.cn/easyedaResource/images/%E7%AB%8B%E5%88%9B%E7%94%B5%E8%B5%9B%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86.rar" target="_blank">(大赛标识).zip</a></span></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 8、演示您的项目并录制成视频上传</h3>
<hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2">
<p style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1JG4y1s7PT/?vd_source=2227ffee317ddfa0c759e95f20f95c7e" target="_blank">《整车控制器》_哔哩哔哩_bilibili</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">视频要求:请横屏拍摄,分辨率不低于1280×720,格式Mp4/Mov,单个视频大小限100M内;</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">视频标题:立创电赛:{项目名称}-{视频模块名称};如立创电赛:《自动驾驶》-团队介绍。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">更多详情:<a href="/posts/06c94d90c2c447dfbd9ed7339ff4a5b1" target="_blank">https://diy.szlcsc.com/posts/d76d9cb41705430e9a54e7a5feed07a5</a></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
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