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#第八届立创电赛#电子时钟

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<div class="document"> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"> </p> <h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">* 1、项目功能介绍</h3> <hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2"> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">基于R7FA2E1A72DFL芯片的桌面电子时钟设计,通过四位0.56寸共阴极数码管进行时间、温度等显示,采用DHT11温湿度传感器采集环境温湿度,复位按键、串口电路、SWD下载电路全部引出,方便下载调试。</p> <h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">*2、项目属性</h3> <hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2"><br> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/DWQXD1Vgc3MKGIXJtuiD4FV8ahdMwHHvEKewyKf1.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="293"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/mgR1ptGXZH6vUuiuXEwDMaaCESDxIm5bpNhfzjpX.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="280"></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>1、主控芯片:R7FA2E1A72DFL;</p> <p>2、电源接口:TYPE-C,2Pin插件;</p> <p>3、LED:一路电源指示灯,一路充电状态指示灯;</p> <p>4、按键:一个复位按键,一个BOOT按键,四个功能按键;</p> <p>5、调试接口:SWD下载调试接口、串口下载调试接口,均采用2.54排针接口进行引出;</p> <p>6、外设:一个0.56寸共阴极数码管,一个DHT11温湿度传感器,一个无源蜂鸣器;</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"> </p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"> </p> <h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">* 3、优势特点</h3> <hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2"> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/O9VCBCwxs4kt8OirObrroRzYsg5G4byYA743nR0s.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="274"></p> <p> </p> <p>1、板载外观小巧,尺寸仅为3115.0mil*1470.0mil;</p> <p>2、下载、调试接口齐全;</p> <p>3、采用电源切换电路,断电也可以通过锂电池供电继续工作;</p> <p>4、价格便宜,功能完善;</p> <p>5、使用嘉立创优质PCB以及正品元器件,保障产品质量;</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"> </p> <h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">*4、硬件部分</h3> <hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2"> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/x2hA0qAWh0YzSx6Ort3w2VOHF0Nwa5qlQFt32vPQ.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="355"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.1电源电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/lwlzMBdZMETYR3vc6bLKQ3VhttG5L7drpaxElOjU.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="383"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.2、主控电路</p> <p>      主控单片机使用的是R7FA2E1A72DFL,工作电压在1.6V到5.5V之间,最大时钟频率为48Mhz,最大支持128-KB的FLASH,16-KB的SRAM,12位的AD转换控制器。芯片内部集成有晶振,可以无需外部晶振,同时集成触摸功能,无需触摸芯片即可实现触摸功能。</p> <p>      在电源输入部分加入100nf电容进行电源滤波,VCL引脚用于稳定内部电源的平滑电容,需要将该引脚连接应该4.7uf的电容到VSS引脚。</p> <p><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/rxjrpAag0j5TdTREmUv7CQGCwvpFBwk3sxEEjMzh.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="515"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.3、复位电路和启动选择电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">         复位也叫重启,按键RST按键,主控的RST引脚被拉低,系统进入复位状态,松开RST按键,主控的RST引脚恢复高电平,系统重新进行工作状态,完成复位。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">         当BOOT1按键没有按下时,BOOT引脚为高电平,单片机进入Single-chip模式,也就是正常工作模式,当按下按键时,BOOT引脚低电平,单片机进入SCI-BOOT模式,也就是程序下载模式,所以我们可以通过这个按键控制单片机进行程序下载或者正常运行。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/OdZFtpndoFQbj3F3qLRkuvYFAAdS08Z7peSqzCXG.jpeg" alt="" width="497" height="280"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.4、触摸控制电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">    R7FA2E1A72DFL主控芯片是带有触摸功能的,在触摸线上加入560欧的阻尼电容以及适当的电容来稳定触摸信号,其实足够灵敏和准确。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/8AJRv3SgAyWtFeFt52VGAgd0oqDyA3EaJhrVJh2b.jpeg" alt="" width="556" height="201"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.5、独立按键电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"> 采用四个按键作为时钟控制或者其余功能使用。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/8jEEDMtOVrnngoylLjDiCLWaNZNXqm6SJcY9tDEH.jpeg" alt="" width="298" height="302"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.6、DHT11温湿度传感器电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">     采用DHT11温湿度传感器检测环境温湿度,DHT11是单总线通信方式,需要在总线外接一个上拉电阻,当总线闲置时,其状态为高电平。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/Ntxc8Vkk4xXUP5He7m8LMc2jX0SEvVNdjcy5xo7w.jpeg" alt="" width="437" height="296"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.7、无源蜂鸣器驱动电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">       通过NPN三极管控制无源蜂鸣器的负极,R2为限流电阻,R3的作用是在芯片刚上电或断电的时候提供一个可靠的电位,防止干扰,这里的电磁无源蜂鸣器是感性负载,加入D1二极管作为续流二极管防止烧坏。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/WfpiGkxkhpb8Zoc72CBFF03q3j4dcVTn6BwJw2l1.jpeg" alt="" width="437" height="348"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.8、四位数码管驱动电路</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">      采用0.56寸共阴极数码管用于显示时间、温湿度等信息。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/WzmLLm10MACYwdPWqvOmoOi4nE5aZ9Chbf2EOAsY.jpeg" alt="" width="491" height="437"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.9、锂电池充放电路</p> <p>          首先是电源切换电路,通过一个P沟道的mos、一个下拉电阻以及一个二极管组成电源切换电路,当TYPE-C接口接入时,5V过来,MOS管G极电压为5V,经过一个1N5819肖特基二极管,此时VCC电压是4.4V,也就是S极4.4V,不满足导通条件,电池电源过不来。当TYPE-C接口断开,G极被下来到低,S极由于体二极管的存在,会有将近3.5V左右的电压,满足条件,此时MOS管导通,由电池来给后续电路进行供电,由于1N5819肖特基二极管的存在,电流不会反向倒灌回去。</p> <p>通过一个TP5056锂电池充电芯片给电池进行充电,当TYPE-C接口接入时,同时会给锂电池充电,确保电量充足。LED5作为充电状态指示灯,R11是充电电流反馈电阻,通过改变R11的阻值,可以改变整体的充电电流。</p> <p><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/fxET91gBHDX3NDDemkRspCIMlJ34rXXcyKHbzJyQ.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="146"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.10、串口调试接口</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">         通过2.54*4P接口将串口引脚进行引出,用于串口下载与调试。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/RfC77dcyGMAGCvmnJluNo8qEYRfYWkePCidtyBSd.jpeg" alt="" width="180" height="260"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.11、SWD调试接口</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">  通过2.54*4P接口将SWD引脚进行引出,用于SWD模式下载与调试。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/78Y0rxuaQiT6PiDQgL84CrPBZxuUxHnUzMxinlzr.jpeg" alt="" width="173" height="268"></p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">4.12、M3铜柱接口</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;">      通过四个M3的螺丝孔用于固定板子。</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height:1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/CgOwNsHfpX6C9ICnrq1OLGSz0vf3qhHOa96Yz8Fq.jpeg" alt="" width="337" height="246"></p> <p> </p> <h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;">*5、注意事项</h3> <hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2"> <h2><span style="font-size:16px;">5.1</span>、<span style="font-size:16px;">在绘制原理图中应注意:</span></h2> <p>1、按模块电路划分进行绘制,注明电路功能;</p> <p>2、在图纸属性上填写刚才名称等信息;</p> <p><strong>5.2、在采购物料中应注意:</strong></p> <p>1、先筛选有库存物料,再筛选价格排序进行购买;</p> <p>2、尽量购买同一仓库物料,选择靠近的货仓,缩短交货时间;</p> <p>3、购买有多个订单时,可以通过绑定订单方式,节省运费;</p> <h2><span style="font-size:16px;">5.3、在PCB Layout中应注意:</span></h2> <p>1、走线优先走直角,需要拐弯的地方以钝角或圆弧为主;</p> <p>2、添加丝印标识,注释说明接口功能;</p> <p>3、JLCJLCJLCJLC指定客编丝印可藏在器件下,成板美观;</p> <p><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/oGFbQWcgCPBGpCKGJ1nEmmNKPRPnxsncNcIKcZqs.jpeg" alt="" width="500" height="282"></p> <h2><span style="font-size:16px;">5.4、在焊接中应注意:</span></h2> <p>1、在进行焊接时,可在嘉立创EDA的工具栏中点击焊接辅助工具,实时交互方便 焊接;</p> <p>2、在焊接顶层时,主控芯片建议优先焊接,避免其他器件影响焊接;</p> <p>3、焊接排针时可用一块空板或者洞洞板顶住,防止斜焊,影响使用;</p> <p>4、焊接顺序应遵循从低到高原则进行,避免影响小器件的焊接;</p> <h2><span style="font-size:16px;">5.5、在调试中应注意:</span></h2> <p>1、上电调试前应检查焊接是否有虚焊短路等问题,检查无误之后才可上电测试;</p> <p>2、使用USB转TTL串口烧录工具将程序下载到单片机,USB转TTL线的RXD端接单 片机的TXD端,TXD端接单片机的RXD端;</p> <p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height:1.8;"> </p> </div>

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