描述
<p><div class="document">
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/oshwhub/d90416c1c3764486b7509b4dfa1b5c38.jpg" alt="" width="296" height="222" /></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><em> 1、项目功能介绍</span></h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">STM32G030K6T6作为主控</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">使用SN74HC595移位寄存器控制三位数码管（推荐使用灵星芯微，有16-15劵）</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SHT40温湿度传感器检测到的数据通过三位数码管显示出来</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2节五号电池供电</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">具有低功耗模式，使用时点击唤醒按键。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></em>2、项目属性</span></h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">立创EDA训练营项目（第九届立创电赛）</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"><em> 3、开源协议</span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Public Domain</span></p>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在竞赛阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></em>4、硬件部分</span></h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">1. 焊接MCU和移位寄存器经常出现短路和漏焊，从而造成数码管部分未点亮的现象。（例如：小数点没点亮、第一排数码管某一行没点亮）。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">通过原理图/PCB找到对应芯片的对应引脚重新加工。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">注意事项：</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">焊接体积小、引脚多的芯片的时候，推荐使用助焊剂，用小刷子（油画笔）刷在芯片周围用平头烙铁焊接，多余的焊锡可以用烙铁一点点点掉或者使用吸锡带。 同时注意烙铁接触时间不能过长，否则容易烫坏芯片和电路板。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">SN74HC595芯片封装换成 SOP-16 ，芯片会大很多，引脚间距也大很多，同样占用空间也大（小白推荐）</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">2. 电阻/电容等常见元器件焊接：使用烙铁先在一侧点锡，放置器件，再添加另一侧的锡，注意摆放位置、个别区分正负极，最好做到摆放工整对其美观，焊锡点饱满。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">3. 贴片LED，元器件的背面有和原理图相似的图形，正面带颜色的一侧为负，焊接时烙铁接触正极会发现LED点亮现象。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">4. 因为设计的PCB板过小，且关键芯片SN74HC595距离数码管太近，空间狭小，后期如若出现数码管不能正常点亮的情况，难以使用电烙铁进行修复。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">在加上可能会出现数码管品质上的问题，不能正常工作。数码管引脚太多，取下来不太方便。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">因此推荐焊接排母，再将数码管插在排母上，同时也能随时更换共阴极数码管或共阳极数码管。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">排母选型：1<em>6P 2.54mm 和 1</em>5P 2.54mm</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/oshwhub/d4faa1e79c3b4aa99dd51ec27257a0e9.jpg" width="306" height="276" /></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">5. SHT40传感器没有直接焊接到板子上（贵），下方使用了1<em>4P 1.27mm的排母，将SHT40传感器插到排母上。注意正反，插反了可能会烧坏传感器。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">上电时触碰传感器，发烫立刻断电。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/oshwhub/081e76e8e05e4ff5a832258a4b8a8e78.jpg" width="305" height="238" /></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">6. 背面的电池座可以在下载完程序调试完成后再进行焊接，尤其是直接焊接数码管的时候，出问题维修难度急剧上升。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 12pt;">注意：本次设计的PCB下方电池座负极区域，过孔和一根信号线过进，拆卸电池座损坏过孔会导致短路，烧坏MCU。（新工程已修改）</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"> 注：请前往<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="<a href="https://lceda.cn/editor" target="_blank">https://lceda.cn/editor</a>" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">嘉立创EDA</a> </span>生成/上传设计文件，文件完成后，相关文稿将自动生成至项目详情；这里可以详细说明您的项目实现原理和机制、注意事项、调试方法、测试方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。 </span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 18pt;"></em>5、软件部分</span></h3>
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<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">1. LED</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">两个LED均为低电平点亮</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO输出高电平，两端没有电势差，LED不能点亮；</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO输出低电平，两端存在电势差，LED点亮。</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">配置流程：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">开时钟</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO配置：推挽输出、浮空输入、引脚、高速模式</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO初始化</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">配置空闲时刻LED状态（默认开/默认关）</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2. 按键</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">按键需要配置为输入模式，上拉（默认高电平）</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">配置流程：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">开时钟</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO配置：上拉输入、引脚</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">GPIO初始化</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">机械按键通常会有抖动，使用if语句嵌套进行消抖处理</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">3. 数码管</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">使用SN74HC595移位寄存器，而没有选择直接用MCU控制数码管，大大节省了端口资源。</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">SN74HC595引脚配置</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">使能时钟</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">配置为输出模式：推挽输出、高速</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">初始化</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">引脚初始化完成后，编写驱动函数与显示函数</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">驱动时序：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">输出高电平/低电平到SER引脚中，随后产生一个SCLK的上升沿，将数据发送出去。因为是8位移位寄存器，所以循环8次，最后一个发送完成后，RCLK的上升沿触发，将数据锁存，保持不变，直到下一次发送。</span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">显示数据：</span></p>
<p><span style="font-size: 12pt;">两个数码管的阴极总共是6个阴极，全部连接在其中一个SN74HC595上，通过这一个595芯片，可以指定某一个位导通，同时，两个数码管的阳极，又分别连接在另外两个595芯片上，通过这两个芯片配合，就可以实现单个位显示数据。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：若您的项目涉及软件开发，请在附件上传对应的工程源码。这里可以详细说明您的软件流程图、功能模块框图、相关算法的解释或科普、源码结构、编译环境的搭建和配置、源码编译方法、程序烧录方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="/posts/de460543d4cf4dacb5f0326612455578" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">前往查看更多详情 ＞</a></span></p>
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