描述
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">注:* 为必填项</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在报名阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 1、项目功能介绍</h3>
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<p align="left"><strong>一、项目详情</strong></p>
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<p>一般音频放大器有模拟功率放大器和数字功率放大器,模拟功率放大器输出管工作在放大区,发热量大,调试困难,而数字功率放大器输出管工作在开关区,发热量小很多,很容易制作成大功率的音频功率放大器。本次项目设计使用的<span>TPA311x</span>系列芯片,就是数字功率放大器芯片,其中<span>TPA3116</span>可以输出双声道<span>50W@4</span>Ω负载,<span>TPA3118</span>芯片可以输出双声道<span>25W@8</span>Ω负载。</p>
<p align="left">本设计基于<span>TPA3116</span>芯片,外加蓝牙接收模块,和音频输入的<span>AUX</span>接口,可以切换手机蓝牙播放或者<span>AUX</span>外接其他解码器播放音乐,适应不同的场景,使用<span>12-24V</span>供电,输出功率双声道<span>50</span>瓦<span>@4</span>欧姆负载,具有防开关机<span>“</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音电路,完善的过压,过热保护。</p>
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<p align="left"><strong>需要注意的问题:</strong></p>
<p align="left">由于时间紧迫第一版电路有点问题,<span>MUTE</span>控制和防关机<span> “</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音模块通过飞线处理了。<strong>所有修改已经更新到工程文件,</strong><strong><span>EDA</span></strong><strong>工程原理图和</strong><strong><span>PCB</span></strong><strong>可以直接使用。</strong></p>
<p align="left"> </p>
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<p align="left"><strong>二、项目所面临的挑战及所解决的问题</strong></p>
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<p align="left">基于<span>TPA3116</span>芯片的数字功率放大器很常见,市面上也有很多成品在出售。仔细对比发现这些方案或者成品有好有坏,有的只是官方原理图制作,缺少新意,有点成品走线布局差,有底噪,有开关机<span>“</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音,大家对<span>TPA3116</span>褒贬不一。基于此,本项目将主要解决以下问题</p>
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<li>开关机<span>“</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音问题:开机<span>“</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音有现成的电路解决,但是关机<span>“</span>噗噗<span>”</span>音没解决</li>
<li>功能简单问题:普通成品只有音频功放功能,本次设计加入蓝牙连接功能</li>
<li>底噪问题:一般通过功率地和模拟地隔离来解决</li>
<li>制作困难问题:使用数字功放芯片,减少外围元件,减少调试环节,提高制作成功率。</li>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*2、项目属性</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">TPA3116设计的数字功放,体积小巧,高保真音响</span></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 3、开源协议</h3>
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<p style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 16px;">GPL3.0</span></p>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在竞赛阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*4、硬件部分</h3>
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<p align="left"><strong>核心原理</strong></p>
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<p align="left">数字功放和<span>DC</span>-<span>DC</span>开关型逆变电路类似。输入的音频模拟信号经过<span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/PWM%E7%94%B5%E8%B7%AF/10697454" target="_blank">PWM电路</a></span>调制处理后,形成占空比同输入信号成一定比例的脉冲链,经过开关电路放大后,由<span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%BD%8E%E9%80%9A%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2%E5%99%A8/3701191" target="_blank">低通滤波器</a></span>滤除高频成分,还原出已放大的输入信号波形,由扬声器放音。典型的<span>D</span>类数字放大器电路,采用场效应管<span>H</span>桥式输出。而场效应管<span>H</span>桥式电路输出的高频脉冲波是不便直接驱动扬声器发声的。为了重现放大的音频信号,输出波形必须恢复到原来的正弦波。由于音频的频带范围为<span>20Hz</span>~<span>20000Hz</span>,而载波频率通常是它的<span>5</span>倍以上,因此,滤除载波频率的过程相当简单,就是在扬声器前面接一个截止频率约为<span>25kHz</span>左右的<span>LC</span>低通<span><a href="https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%BB%A4%E6%B3%A2%E5%99%A8" target="_blank">滤波器</a></span>。</p>
<p align="left"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/hATrqdaC8tBJlKvmT9g2wHFOXmitCFNjVfdHEFHk.png"></p>
<p align="left">本设计使用数字功放芯片<span>TPA3116</span>,功放部分电路:</p>
<p align="left"><img style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/3euVp4vcS8giIq7rSw8Kxmgm11ZtMVLKBfwfi0C3.png"></p>
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<p align="left"><strong>防开机“噗噗”音电路</strong></p>
<p><span>TPA3116</span>防开机“噗噗”音的功能,是通过<span>MUTE</span>引脚上的电容<span>C37</span>来实现的。<span>MUTE</span>引脚是静音控制引脚,高电平有效。<span>C37</span>上端通过两个电阻<span>R1</span>和<span>R17</span>(串联共<span>151K</span>)接到输入电压<span>VCC</span>,下端接到<span>MUTE</span>引脚,同时经过<span>R5</span>(<span>510K</span>)电阻接<span>GND</span>。<span>VCC</span>刚上电的时候,电容<span>C37</span>两端电压是<span>0</span>,初始为短路状态,<span>VCC</span>经过<span>R1</span>、<span>R17</span>和<span>R5</span>分压,<span>R5</span>上得到高电平给<span>MUTE</span>引脚,使<span>TPA3116</span>处于静音状态。随着<span>C37</span>慢慢充电,其两端电压慢慢增大,最后<span>C37</span>两端电压达到<span>VCC</span>电压,此时<span>MUTE</span>引脚由<span>R5</span>下拉到<span>GND</span>,<span>TPA3116</span>退出静音状态,进入正常功率放大状态,此时就可以正常播放音乐了。</p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/rKOQHZzrm4V2m4GnXeYYKpEI0e7X6EaoyYPaeYMa.png"></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="left"><strong>防关机“噗噗”音电路</strong></p>
<p align="left">刚开始的原理图没加这部分电路,关机会有“噗噗”音,体验很不好,首创出这种防关机“噗噗”音电路,电路自动实现,不需要开关动作控制,具有很强的通用性。防关机“噗噗”音的功能,是通过关机延时控制电路控制<span>MUTE</span>引脚电平来实现的。下面分析一下电路的工作过程:<span>VCC</span>通电后,<span>VCC</span>通过<span>D3</span>给电容<span>C6</span>充电,很快将<span>C6</span>充到接近<span>VCC</span>电压,此时三极管<span>Q1</span>的基极电压约等于发射极电压,三极管<span>Q1</span>截止,此时电路不影响防开机 “噗噗”音的功能。当断电后<span>VCC</span>电压下降,<span>VCC</span>将<span>Q1</span>基极电压拉低,此时<span>C6</span>上的电压高于<span>VCC</span>电压, 所以<span>Q1</span>导通,<span>D5</span>也导通,<span>C6</span>上的电压直接加在<span>MUTE</span>引脚,使<span>MUTE</span>保持高电平而保持静音状态。由于<span>C6</span>是通过<span>R18(100K)</span>和<span>R5</span>(<span>510K</span>)电阻放电,放电时间很长,在<span>VCC</span>降到<span>0</span>之前都能保持<span>MUTE</span>引脚是高电平,以此达到防关机“噗噗”音的功能。该电路只要<span>VCC</span>掉电就能自动控制,适用于各种电源直接给<span>TPA3116</span>供电的情况,而不需要单独的<span>VCC</span>控制开关。</p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/OvNjwFSaZ6VIMi4GIISgu4uAqNZlqYyI15TH90lK.png"></p>
<p>这个是调试时候焊的防关机“噗噗”音电路:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/JbZS7DTMJc2L4AsA8ZHVD2CKXFO0kOzlnMAVSPgM.png"></p>
<p style="text-align: center;"> </p>
<p>装在这里:</p>
<p style="text-align: center;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/xYys99FXNwQZChKAtAbswbi2ZIn1OGMllU1WXihU.png"></p>
<p><span> </span></p>
<p align="left"><strong>功率地、模拟地</strong></p>
<p align="left">数字功放电路模拟信号输入和功率输出都是共地的,如果将模拟输入和功率输出地直接共用一块覆铜连接,有可能导致放大器有底噪。一般的,功率输出部分都是高频高电流的开关信号,在同一块覆铜上会产生压降,耦合到模拟输入部分,导致底噪的产生。所以一般设计有必要进行功率地和模拟地分离,将底噪降至最低。</p>
<p align="left">原理图上<span>AGND</span>是模拟输入和运放放大的模拟地,<span>GND</span>是<span>TPA3116</span>芯片的功率地,两者通过磁珠隔离连接到一起。</p>
<p align="center"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/AHecLyDWlGd1pE0rnQmUJbZCHCBu6iPFQreDLydS.png"></p>
<p align="left"><span>TPA3116</span>芯片并没有专门的模拟地和功率地引脚,只有一个<span>GND</span>,在<span>PCB</span>上还是把靠近输入的第<span>9</span>脚连到<span>AGND</span>,靠近输出一侧的都连到<span>GND</span>,<span>AGND</span>和<span>GND</span>分开覆铜。一般<span>AGND</span>和<span>GND</span>连接点的位置是离电源输入负极最近的电解电容负极,这个电容负极是模拟信号和功率信号汇聚点,隔离磁珠<span>L7,L8</span>要靠近这个汇聚点放置。</p>
<p style="text-align: center;" align="left"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/NPsE1bGmlY5sjfzyWiSW44vLpvr6Gw7VFSIfgAuQ.png"></p>
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<p align="left"><strong>四、项目实物展示</strong></p>
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<p style="text-align: center;" align="left"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/0Wsq7Bau5Z3ql6xWajcL9htmGqJO8JFFdBkb1P9Y.png"></p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="left"> </p>
<p style="text-align: left;" align="left"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/vmEW3bfMMJX51WgrUQKLRZNTrOnnrLv3Twb2Sqnu.png"></p>
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<p style="text-align: left;" align="left"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/bRZKrnJmbjicbutQTq5ltoKv6Npv1eCLsX6yTLTx.png"></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*6、BOM清单</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注:项目涉及的BOM清单。这个位置请上传BOM的截图。清单详情请以PDF的格式上传到附件中。建议包括型号、品牌、名称、封装、采购渠道、用途等内容。具体内容和形式应以表达清楚项目构成为准。</span></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*7、大赛LOGO验证</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/FSuHL5V2g5GeO5KpoJVi5YS6APFHoVnLaIYHMwKi.png"></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 8、演示您的项目并录制成视频上传</h3>
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<p style="line-height: 1.8;"><a title="TPA3116迷你桌面功放" href="https://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTE5MDg1NjcxNg==.html" target="_blank">TPA3116迷你桌面功放</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 14px;">更多详情:<a href="/posts/06c94d90c2c447dfbd9ed7339ff4a5b1" target="_blank">https://diy.szlcsc.com/posts/06c94d90c2c447dfbd9ed7339ff4a5b1</a></span></p>
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