描述
<div class="document">
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">注：* 为必填项</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在报名阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 1、项目功能介绍</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">笔者为在读大学生，今年暑假回家后发现家里的电子时钟损坏了。笔者打算用学校里学到的单片机知识DIY一个桌面智能时钟，方便家人使用。原先的电子时钟是摆在厨房里的，用途很单一，对它的主要要求只有两点：①显示时间②能当作计时器使用，到时响铃。基于现实需求和尝试复刻立创训练营的温湿度检测仪项目的目的，笔者提出了使用STM32F103C8T6主控，数码管对外显示的构想，预期实现实时时间显示、定时器、温湿度显示、蜂鸣器报警等功能。本项目属于个人DIY项目。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：主题不限，可以是解决生活/工作中的某个问题、为某个人群/场景设计的方案、毕业设计/课程设计/DIY项目/纯属炫酷项目等。主要讲一下自己通过什么手段解决了什么问题。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*2、项目属性</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">项目首次公开，没有在其他比赛中获奖，没有在学校参加过答辩。灵感参考了立创训练营的温湿度检测仪，并融合了学校课程设计的一些内容。原理图、PCB是自己设计并绘制的，代码是基于HAL库和keil编写的，核心逻辑为本人原创。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：请说明项目是否首次公开；项目是否为原创；项目是否曾经在其他比赛中获奖，若有获奖则叙述获奖详情；项目是否在学校参加过答辩。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 3、开源协议</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">项目完成后开源硬件和软件思路。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：利他即利己，请认真阅读下述内容。</span></p>
<ol style="line-height: 1.8;">
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">拥抱开源，赋予项目无限价值。建议项目核心功能开源80%以上；</span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">2、若某一部分功能不可替代且删掉之后项目无法解决对应的问题，则这一部分实现的功能就是项目的核心功能；比如设计了一台电子负载且设计了一款上位机软件监控功率变化，则电子负载为核心功能，上位机软件为辅助功能；比如电子负载中使用了一款隔离485模块与上位机通信，则此485模块实现的通讯功能为辅助功能； </span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">项目应选择适合自己的<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/posts/98fdb2accd754af7b51990790db3b47a" target="_blank">开源协议</a></span>，若项目引用其他开源项目，应注明来源并遵循原作者的开源协议规定；原创项目推荐使用GPL3.0开源协议；</span></li>
<li class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-hanging-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">直接引用开源项目的原电路或原代码实现的功能不可作为自己项目的核心功能、使用市场上通用模块直接实现的功能不可作为自己项目的核心功能。</span></li>
</ol>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><strong><span style="color: #0093e6;">请在竞赛阶段填写 ↓</span></strong></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*4、硬件部分</h3>
<p><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/yFLpIemHaCoekWUiM3VdP83voGgXFKaKjJ4NTrC5.png"></p>
<p>1、供电</p>
<p>使用了成品开发板，板上有SWD调试端口，可用stlink接pc供电。另外在电路板上设计了直流稳压模块，可以外接电源供电。LM7805发热非常严重，一定要加散热片！</p>
<p>不建议用开发板上microUSB供电，无论接pc还是接充电器都无法正常运行。</p>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/m3tyAxMkadYqncSN3u3VajZHXPXgp8ha3fQvERcF.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">2、引脚分配</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/1hoEeXd0e0Q098cSpK5lcrkVdxTb6C63quRekeWc.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/DmeaTJbQBpFtySoFAHgRL2mNcaSjPeftyNiHSLse.png"></p>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 96.7709%; height: 264px;">
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TH_SER</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TH_RCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA2</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TH_SRCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">THCTRL_SER</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA4</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">THCTRL_RCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA5</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">THCTRL_SRCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA6</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TM_SER</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PA7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">DS_SCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PA8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">DS_SDA</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PA9</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">DS_RST</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PA10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">Mode1</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PA11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">Mode2</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PA12</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TM_RCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PB0</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">TM_SRCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PB1</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">BEEP</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PB3</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">Choose</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PB4</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 22px;">
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">Plus</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%; height: 22px;">PB5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">SHT40_SCL</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PB6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">SHT40_SDA</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PB7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">Minus</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PB8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">Return</td>
<td style="width: 48.5506%;">PB9</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">3、外接模块</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/omDk36X5UGckManEp3rdWZ5HDPmqNZbAL6IhHtXm.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/Am3isnyxTeA52WKUl5BBLqNlPDowsRYmFdbuPdrD.png">从左到右依次是蜂鸣器、DS1302、SHT40</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">三个模块都用3.3V供电，蜂鸣器和DS1302连上就能用，SHT40要用硬件I2C通讯，I2C是OD输出，必须外接上拉电阻，阻容选择参考数据手册。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">4、数码管显示</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/5lnm8MMiWcoOoDDXxvlimr72kqmcem5YqgYc1fsZ.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/UjHtjCDFABZeMC5ccb6TQ9XIAHxblUsPoC5BuXIO.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">用温湿度显示的两个数码管说明一下原理。选用共阴极数码管，加1k限流电阻，只要A~DP八个数据端给高电平，DIG选通端给低电平，就能使数码管亮起。本项目中使用扫描法控制两个数码管显示三位数字，一次向74HC595中写入两个数码管的各一位数字，然后控制选通端使得两个数码管都有一位数字亮起。比如要显示123和456两个三位数，可以先写入个位的3、6，然后选通个位；接下来写入2、5，选通十位；最后写入1、4，选通百位。只要刷新速度够快，由于人眼视觉暂留效应，看到的就是三位数同时亮起了。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/AuNi2koqn9EexZFUL6OLnFhKZ0kvp2Tr7BJhxDMK.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/8xE5nON46puUBN6J40Z1j2WGnE66xwoPNhD1WNtD.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">时间显示的原理是相同的，只是把两个数码管换成三个数码管罢了。比如要显示12、34、56三个数，那就先显示2、4、6，再显示1、3、5。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">5、按键组</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/T97PCKaknvl2HSuBIQq8Lb6Q9Br5m2an7nRo3K0q.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">主控会检测按键动作，从而切换工作模式。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">6、注意事项</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">①ldo芯片一定要加散热片，发热非常严重。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">②为了焊接方便，本项目大多数元件都选用插件，导致整个PCB面积过大，如果有能力建议把电阻，74HC595之类的都换成贴片。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">③尽量不当模块战士，把外接模块和主控都融入一块电路板上更好。如果不想这么麻烦，还想用模块的话，要了解模块的大小，I/O配置，引脚间距等重要参数，合理安排元件布局。笔者设计的电路板就忽视了DS1302的占地面积过大的问题，直接插会与其他元件冲突，只好自己焊上扩展引脚。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">④贵重元件（芯片、数码管）如果想重新利用的话，就买芯片座和圆孔母座，一定是圆孔母座才能插牢数码管，普通排母会接触不良。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑤DS1302不要断电（不是指外接电源断电，而是不要把芯片和自带的电池断开），否则数据就丢失了。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑥蜂鸣器尽量选有源的，除了不能发出各种频率的声音外都比无源的方便，无源蜂鸣器要考虑的问题就多了。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑦限流电阻记得加，否则容易烧数码管。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑧按键组可以加电容硬件滤波，减少抖动。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑨先测供电再通电；芯片别插反，模块别插反，主控板别插歪；不要热插拔；感觉不对劲及时断电……</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"> 注：请前往<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://lceda.cn/editor" target="_blank">嘉立创EDA</a> </span>生成/上传设计文件，文件完成后，相关文稿将自动生成至项目详情；这里可以详细说明您的项目实现原理和机制、注意事项、调试方法、测试方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。 </span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*5、软件部分</h3>
<p>0、cubemx和keil的使用</p>
<p>如果完全不懂stm32，那么出门左转b站江协科技教学视频 BV1th411z7sn 你会学到keil和标准库的使用</p>
<p>如果不懂cubemx的使用，那么出门右转b站keysking教学视频 BV12v4y1y7uV 你会学到HAL库</p>
<p>两个都学会了就可以尝试cubemx配合keil一起用了。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">1、外设驱动</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">这部分请善用搜索，用到的模块都有成熟应用案例了，看懂原理后把网络上的代码移植过来就能用。当然，移植不成功也很常见，这时候就考验软硬件联调技术了。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">下面放一些链接，这些都是笔者写代码时参考的</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/m0_56399733/article/details/134094682" target="_blank">51单片机---DS1302时钟的使用（含源码）-CSDN博客</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/RYqvw8N4mvhmruwrqyEy5iWVEAoSi1wXZ2Xzi0ie.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">这张时序图一定要好好看，弄清楚到底是上升沿动作还是下降沿动作！</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/ReCclay/article/details/78245642" target="_blank">一文搞懂74HC595芯片（附使用方法）_74hc595芯片引脚图及功能-CSDN博客</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">这个是讲原理的，选好芯片型号后去看它的datasheet，找主要电气参数看看，VCC范围，输入输出高低电平标准，电流标准之类的。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/m0_71226271/article/details/132677013" target="_blank">STM32 SHT40驱动源码（使用硬件I2C）-CSDN博客</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">照着这个调cubemx设置，代码按sht40的datasheet写。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://item.szlcsc.com/24072575.html?fromZone=s_s__%2522SHT40-AD1B%2520with%2520pin%2522" target="_blank">SHT40-AD1B with pin_Sensirion(瑞士盛思锐)-SHT40-AD1B with pin中文资料_PDF手册_价格-立创商城 (szlcsc.com)</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/NmYNa6L216NcvpCUcwnLQKAJmPy8X6apDhsZ1KOM.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/unxqXznLqrdc9T23lJFq2tyXBCy9sOTFvgpATmO8.png"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_62530454/article/details/135303872" target="_blank">单片机原理及应用：数码管的动态扫描显示、余晖效应与消影_单片机led动态扫描如何消除闪烁-CSDN博客</a></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">不懂数码管显示原理的可以看这个</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">3、核心控制逻辑</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">如果前面所有外设已经调试成功，接下来就需要用一套控制器把所有功能串联起来，笔者设计的控制器可以用以下的状态转换图描述。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/DPmrZeQfQNnUmVkx4zCDTHSxr24MyOUaOxHgAZpd.jpeg"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">正常情况下处于NORMAL状态，Mode1为时间设置模式切换按键，按下后切换成SETTING1状态，可以设置时间，再按下Mode1切换成WRITEIN状态，时间写入DS1302，最后自动转为NORMAL状态。Mode2为计时模式切换按键，按下后切换成SETTING2状态，可以设置定时时长，再按下Mode2切换成TICK状态，开启计时，计时结束后蜂鸣器会响起，但仍卡在TICK状态，直到按下Return按键，回到NORMAL状态。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">Choose Plus Minus三个按键只在SETTING1和SETTING2状态起效，可以用它们对时分秒中的某一位进行调节。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">4、函数接口</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim) 定时器中断回调函数</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void HC595Init() HC595初始化</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void DS1302Init() DS1302初始化</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void WriteHC595(uint8_t HC595,uint8_t data) 向指定的HC595写入一个字节数据</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void GetTH() 获取温湿度</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void ShowTH() 显示温湿度</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">uint8_t ReadDS1302(uint8_t command) 读取指定的DS1302寄存器</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void WriteDS1302(uint8_t command,uint8_t data) 向指定的DS1302寄存器中写入一字节数据</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void GetTM() 获取时间</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void SetTM() 设置时间</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">void ShowTM() 显示时间</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">5、调试心得</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">①遇到bug不心急，相信你的板子，相信你的代码。耐心慢慢调，一定能调出来的！</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">②一个一个模块调，不要一上来就整体联调。笔者的调试顺序是：点亮数码管并稳定显示数字->读取温湿度并显示->读取时间并显示->能写入时间并把写入的时间读出来->按键响应和状态转移逻辑->整体测试，考虑极端情况，找隐藏bug</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">常见问题一 数码管显示错误怎么办？</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">让数码管显示特定的一组数字，观察显示情况。用手按压数码管，避免接触不良。排除了硬件问题就去查代码，尤其注意检查写入HC595的数据是否正确。如果有某一位一直不亮，去查负责选通的HC595，注意是低电平选通！</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">常见问题二 温湿度读不出来怎么办？</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">查有没有上拉电阻，接下来看自己的代码和datasheet上的示例代码有没有区别，尤其要注意那个延时0.01s。温湿度是要计算得到的，计算式也要检查，不要抄错数字抄错符号。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">常见问题三 时间读不出来/写不进去怎么办？</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">这个只能去查时序，代码要符合这个芯片的时序要求，数据和时钟哪个先到，时钟上升沿还是下降沿触发。提供的链接里的代码很有用，移植过来基本不会有什么问题。如果出现了非常奇特的bug，那只能找芯片手册一点点调了。请记住：你写进去的和你马上读出来的应该是一样的，如果不一样就把数据展开成二进制，看看是哪位读串了。发现时间跑飞了就重新写一个初始时间进去。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">常见问题四 按键响应不灵敏/多次触发怎么办？</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">按键响应有很多种方式，包括主循环中扫描，中断，定时器扫描等，笔者使用的是定时器扫描。定时器每隔10ms进入中断，判断是否有按键按下，如果有就执行动作。为了防止多次触发，使用了一种比较暴力的手段，就是每次有按键被判断按下后，接下来的一段时间内所有按键按下都不会被响应。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">③笔者的代码里有一些冗长的if嵌套，这些是为了让整个项目更像一个成熟的产品而打的补丁。比如每调满59秒要进1分钟，0秒再减1秒就跳到59秒；正在调哪一位就把这一位的小数点都点亮作为提示等等。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">④温湿度读取过程一定要有延时，这个延时对于数码管显示是致命的。本项目中做出妥协，只有按下按键才会读取一次温湿度并刷新显示</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑤无源蜂鸣器需要用一定频率的方波驱动，最初计划用pwm驱动，但是pwm停止时引脚输出电平不定，如果正好让蜂鸣器一直触发会烧毁蜂鸣器。最终选择快速翻转引脚电平模拟方波生成。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">⑥中断优先级根据需要做调整，想在中断回调里用延时函数一定要调。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：若您的项目涉及软件开发，请在附件上传对应的工程源码。这里可以详细说明您的软件流程图、功能模块框图、相关算法的解释或科普、源码结构、编译环境的搭建和配置、源码编译方法、程序烧录方法等。推荐图文并茂的形式向别人介绍您的想法。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt pap-left-indent-1.6em" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*6、BOM清单</h3>
<hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2">
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 96.7709%;">
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">元件</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">数量</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">STM32F103C8T6最小系统板</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">SN74HC595</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">数码管0.36英寸共阴2位</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">数码管0.36英寸共阴3位</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">三端稳压LM7805 直插</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">拨动开关</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">轻触开关6*6*4.3</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">6</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1k电阻直插</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">40</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">10k电阻0603</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">220nf电容0603</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">100nf电容0603</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">8</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">DC005插座</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">散热片</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">排针 排母 圆孔母座</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">若干</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">芯片座16pin</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">7</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">DS1302模块</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">蜂鸣器模块</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">SHT40温湿度传感器</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">STLink下载器</td>
<td style="width: 31.8938%;">1</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">其他常见电子工程工具不再赘述，以上所列清单为本项目必需的元件。</p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">注：项目涉及的BOM清单。在<span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://lceda.cn/editor" target="_blank">嘉立创EDA</a> </span>生成/上传设计文件后，BOM将自动生成至项目详情；建议包括型号、品牌、名称、封装、采购渠道、用途等内容。具体内容和形式应以表达清楚项目构成为准。 </span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">*7、大赛LOGO验证</h3>
<hr class="horizontal-splitline normal-bold-2">
<p style="line-height: 1.8;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/ABc9LkGjdWMhGVf9R4A7UExqsFa5eTCtnPmzcQlc.jpeg"></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/ozdyvvBZ0zT1FF2Ayayvrgs9x6dEi5mtPxCBjQYa.jpeg"></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/h2vLlcQbnFKZ7jMnn5KMTNqAW4n1b1eJJuwH2YVn.jpeg"></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;"><img src="//image.lceda.cn/pullimage/sgtbfyVXqvpBe6UN91xBpCn75O5yRvWybae48TpT.jpeg"></span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">请上传包含大赛logo的项目图片，logo以丝印形式印刷在PCB上面。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">点击zip下载大赛logo标识！ <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://image.lceda.cn/easyedaResource/images/d1bbfd69f9404f56901a0e7b849b7245.rar" target="_blank">（大赛标识）.zip</a></span></span></p>
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<h3 class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;">* 8、演示您的项目并录制成视频上传</h3>
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<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">视频要求：请横屏拍摄，分辨率不低于1280×720，格式Mp4/Mov，单个视频大小限100M内；</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="color: #95a5a6; font-size: 14px;">视频标题：立创电赛：{项目名称}-{视频模块名称}；如立创电赛：《自动驾驶》-团队介绍。</span></p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"> </p>
<p class="paragraph text-align-type-left pap-line-1.3 pap-line-rule-auto pap-spacing-before-3pt pap-spacing-after-3pt" style="line-height: 1.8;"><span style="font-size: 14px;"><a href="/posts/de460543d4cf4dacb5f0326612455578" target="_blank">前往查看更多详情 ＞</a></span></p>
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